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PRE-COLUMBIAN PERIOD:
In Very Ancient Times, There Was a Fishermen Village
in the Area, Whose Inhabitants Were Essentially
Religious. Later on, the Proto-Lima Culture Appeared
Comprising Two Expressions: the Maranga and the
Aramburu.The Cultures in the Lima Valley Were Developed
by Three People: the Collas Coming From Canta and
Huarochiri, the Huanchos Who Came Following the Course
of the Rimac River, and the Huallas Who Entered the
Valley Through Carabayllo. When the Incas Arrived, They
Respected Their Buildings, Way of Living and Religion,
Allowing Them to Worship the New God Pachacarnac Along
With Their Own God the Sun.
HISPANIC PERIOD:
The City of Lima Was Founded by Francisco Pizarro on
January 18, 1535, Reaching its Greatest Splendor in the
17th and 18th Centuries, During Which it Became the Seat
of the Political and Military Power Represented by the
Viceroy.During the Reign of the Habsburg and Borbon
Dynasties, Which Ruled in Different Periods First the
Habsburg and Then the Borbonsina Succession of 40
Viceroys Occupying the Government House.Most of Them
Were Military People the Three Last Viceroys of Peru had
theRank of General, Being the Viceroy Jose de la Serna
the Last Viceroy in American Land Signing
theCapitulation of Ayacucho in 1824.Lima Was Known as
the Convent City by the Amount of Churches That Were in
it. Due to This ,During This Period of 282 Years,
Religious Life 'Flourished. This Being the Time of Santa
Rosa of Lima, Patron Saint of Peru, America and the
Philippines, the World Then Began to Know San Martin de
Porras, Patron Saint of Barbers and Hairdressers, and
Also San Juan Masias.
REPUBLICAN PERIOD:
General Jose de San Martin, Proclaimed the
Independence of Peru in Lima on July 28, 1821. It Was
Later, During the Government of Mariscal Ramon Castilla,
That Lima Took an Advanced Step Over the Cities of the
American Continent by Implementing a Railroad For the
First Time in South America Between the Cities of Lima
and Callao. It Was Also During This Period That Gaslight
and the Telegraph Were Installed and Black Slavery Was
Abolished.
TOURISTIC ATTRACTIONS
LA PLAZA DE ARMAS (The Main Square): It was
Francisco Pizarro, the Founder of Lima Who Determined
the Area For the Square, as Well as the Location For the
Government House (now the Government Palace), the
Cathedral and the Cabildo (Town Hall). Today, This
Square Continues to Occupy the Same Original Area, in
the Middle of Which There is a Splendid Bronze Fountain
Dating Back to 1650.
THE CATHEDRAL: It was Initially Devoted to Our
Lady of Assumption. It Was Destroyed Almost Entirely
During theEarthquake in 1746, the Viceroy Jose Antonio
Manso de Velasco Conde de Superunda Had it Rebuilt in
1758. Its Interior is Remarkable For the Intricate
Carving Work of the Wooden Seats of the Choir, the
Heavily Ornamented "Inmaculada" Chapel of Baroque Style
and an Ivory Christ Carved by Martinez Montañez, a
Splendid Gift From King Charles V. Entering the Church
and to the Right There is a Chapel Which Holds the
Remains of the Conqueror Francisco Pizarro. In the
Sacristy There is a Museum of Religious Art.
GOVERNMENT PALACE: Also Known as the House of
Pizarro Because Since the Foundation of Lima, This Was
the Place Where the Conqueror Worked and Lived Until his
Death in 1541. It has Magnificent Halls Such as the
Salon Dorado Where Important Paintings are Exhibited. It
Also has an Elegant Area Which is the Official Residence
of the President of Peru. It is Recommended to Attend
the Change of Guards Which Takes Place Daily at 11:45
am. In the Front Esplanade.
SANTO DOMINGO CHURCH AND MONASTERY: (In the
Corner of the Streets Conde de Superunda and Camana
Streets). It Was Builtby the End of the l6th Century. On
the Left, the Virgin of the Rosary is Venerated. To the
Right There is an Altar for Peruvian Saints: Santa Rosa
de Lima, San Martin de Porras and San Juan Masias. Under
Each of the Images There is a Silver Urn Containing
Relics of These Saints. The Tower of the Church is of a
Singular Architectural Style, and The Monastery is One
of the Best Preserved in Lima.
SAN PEDRO’S CHURCH: (It is in the Comer of
Azangaro and Ucayali Streets) This Church was Built by
the Jesuits in 1624. Its Side Aisles are Notable for
Their Arcades and Gold-Leaf-Covered Altars of Baroque
Style. Especially Remarkable are the Altars of San
Ignacio de Loyola and Santa Lucia. The Church Has
Numerous Colonial Paintings and Has a Laboriously Carved
Stone Portico.
SAN FRANCISCO CHURCH: (Is in Ancash Street,inthe
2nd Block) This Colonial Architectural Complex Includes
the Monastery, the Church of San Francisco and the
Chapels of La Soledad and El Milagro. The Monastery,
Cloisters and the Entrance Hall are Embelished with
Authentic SevillianTiles From 1620. Also Remarkable are
the Museum of Religious Art, the Zurbaran Room and the
Library. The Complex was Built Over Underground
Galleries or Catacombs Which were Used as Cemeteries
During the Colony, But Nowadays They Can be Visited.
LA MERCED CHURCH: It is in Jiron de la Union
Street 6th Block) This Church Has a Notable Stone
Portico (18th Century). Its Main Altar Renders Homage to
the Virgin of the Mercies, Patron Saint of the Armed
Forces of Peru and Who Holds the Title of Mariscala
(Marshal). In the Right Aisle, the Crossof PadreUrraca
(Padre Urraca's Cross) is Venerated Because of his Many
Miracles.
JESUS MARIA CHURCH: (It is in the Comer of
Moquegua and Camana Streets) Single Aisle Church with
Magnificent Altars Carved on Wood Covered with Gold Leaf
and a Pulpitin Baroque Style.
SANTA ROSA CHURCH AND SANCTUARY: (It is in Tacna
Avenue, I St block) The Church was Built Where Isabel
Flores de Oliva, (Was Her Real Name) Santa Rosa de Lima,
was Born in (1586). It Keeps its Relics and the Famous
“Doctorcito” or Image of the Christ Child Who is
Believed to Have Assisted Her When She Took Care of Sick
People. In the Gardenis the Hermitage That She Built
with Her Brother and the Well in Which the Saint Dropped
the Key of the Lock of Her Penitence Waist Chain.
THE NAZARENAS CHURCH AND CONVENT: (In the Comer
of Huancavelica. Street and Tacna Avenue). It was Built
During the Colony Upon the Place That Used to be the
Quarter of Pachacamilla, a Place Inhabited by
Descendants of Black Slaves Brought From Angola Who had
Conformed a Confraternity. It is Said That One of Them
Painted an Image of Christ on the Cross Upon a Wall.
This Wall Remained Unharmed in Spite of a Severe
Earthquake (1655). It was Since Then That Cult and
Devotion to the Image Has Considerably Increased. A
Replica of the Painting, was Made and it is Carried
Throughout the City, Every October (I 8th, I 9th and
28th), in Impressive Processions. The Image is known as
El Señor de los Milagros (The Lord of the Miracles),
Cristo Morado (Purple Christ) or Cristo de los Temblores
(Christ of the Earthquakes) and is Considered the Patron
Saint of Lima.
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH: (It is in Ica Street, 5th
Block) This Church was Built in 1544 and Was the First
Parish in Lima. It Was Here That Santa Rosa de Lima, San
Martin de Porras, Jose Santos Chocano and Francisco
Bolognesi, Among Other Prominent Peruvians, Were
Baptized. It Has Been Recently Restored.
SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH: (In the Comer of Ica and
Camana Streets) It Was Built in the 19th Century. Of its
Original Structure Only the Baroques Tile Portico
Remains, the Sacristy with Carvings in Wood and in the
Anteroom a Beautifully Carved Ceiling, a Tile Skirting
and Also an Impressive Wooden Sculpture of La Muerte
(Death) by Balthazar Gavilan
SAN MARCELO CHURCH: (In THE Corner of Rufino
Torrico Street and Emancipation Avenue) It was Founded
by the Augustinian Congregation During the Middle of the
16th Century. Its Facade Has Expressions of Baroque
Style.
MUSEUMS
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND
HISTORY. It is Located in Plaza Bolivar in the
District of Pueblo Libre. Phone (51-1) 463-5070. Visits:
Tuesday to Saturday From 9 am to 5:45 pm. Sundays, From
9 am to 4:45 pm.Evidence of all Cultures in the Peruvian
Civilization are Exhibited in a Chronological and
Didactic Way, Being the Most Interesting the Collections
of Chavin, Paracas, Nazca, Mochica, Huari, Chimu, and
Inca.Paintings, Objects, Documents and Relics of the
Colony, Emancipation, Independence Process and
Republican Period are Exhibited in the Adjoining Manor
House, Which Was the Residence of the Viceroys Pezuela
and La Serna and Peru's Liberators San Martin and
Bolivar
GOLD OF PERU MUSEUM: It is in Alonso de Molina
Street 1100 in the District of Surco. Phone (51-1)
435-2917. Daily Visits From 12 am to 7 pm.Exhibition of
Thousands of Gold Pieces Such as Necklaces, Funerary
Masks, Scepters, Ceremonial Cups, Tumis (Sacrificial
Knives), Nose Rings, Earrings and Idols, Which Show How
Advanced Were the Gold and Silver Works in Ancient Peru.
There is Also a Large Collection of Weaponry From
Different Parts of the World.
RAFAEL LARCO HERRERA: ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM: It
is in Bolivar Avenue 1515 in the District of Pueblo
Libre. Phone (51-1) 461-1312 / 461-1835. Visits: Monday
to Saturday From 9 am to 6 pm. Sundays From 9 am to 1
pm.There is an Interesting Collection of Ceramics,
Textiles, Gold and Silver Work, Especially From the
Northern Civilizations. There is Also a Room with Erotic
Ceramics and a Vault Containing Pieces of Gold and
Jewelry.
MUSEO DE LA NACION: (Is at East Javier Prado
Avenue 2465 in the District of San BorJa. Phone (51-1)
476-9875 / 476-9901. Visits: Tuesday to Sundays From 9
am to 6 pm. The Most Important Aspects in the
Development of Ancient Peru are Presented in Impressive
Halls. There are Also Replicas of Archaeological Sites,
Engravings and Dioramas,
AMANOMUSEUM: It is in Retiro Street 160 in the
District of Miraflores. Phone (51-1) 442-2909. Visits
are Subject to Previous Telephone Appointments. Private
Collection of Mr. Yoshitaro Amano Displaying Selected
Pieces of Ceramics and Textiles From the Chancay
Culture.
ART MUSEUM: It is in Paseo Colon Avenue 125.
Phone (51-1) 423-4732. Visits: Tuesday to Sunday From 9
am to 5 pm.Panoramic Exhibition of Peruvian Culture:
Pre-Columbian Ceramics and Textiles, Colonial Furniture
and Silverware, Costumes and Veiled Women (Tapadas) and
Also Paintings From the Cusco School, as Well as From
the Republican and Contemporary Periods.
BANCO CENTRAL DE RESERVA MUSEUM:In the Corner of
Lampa. And Ucayali Streets. Phone (51-1) 427-6250.
Visits: Tuesday to Friday From 10 am to 4:30 pm.
Saturdays and Sundays From 10 am to 1pm.Pre-Columbian
Ceramics, Coins and Paintings, Among Other Collectible
Pieces.
SAN FRANCISCO DE JESUS MUSEUM: It is in Ancash
Street, 3rd Block Daily Visits From 10 am to 5:45
pm.Liturgical Pieces From the Colonial Period, Carvings
and Paintings by Zurbaran.
MUSEUM OF THE CONGRESS AND THE INQUISITION: It is
in Plaza del Congreso (Congress Square), Also Known as
Plaza Bolivar and Plaza de la Inquisicion. Phone (51-1)
427-0365. Visits: Monday to Friday: 9 am to 1 pm. and 2
to 6 pm. Saturdays: From 9 am to 1pm.The Audience
Chamber has a Splendid Carved Ceiling. The Original
Cells Show Inscriptions Made by the Prisoners. There is
Also on-the-Site Reproductions of the Punishments
Inflicted by of the Holy InquisitionTribunal.
MUSEUM OF PERUVIAN CULTURE: It is on Alfonso
Ugarte Avenue 650. Phone (51-1) 423-5892. Visits:
Tuesday to Friday From 10 am to 2:30 pm. Saturdays From
10 am to 2:30 pm.Exhibition of Peruvian Popular Art
(Ceramics, Textiles, Leather Work and Religious Images).
JAVIER PRADO MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY OF SAN MARCOS
MAJOR UNIVERSITYIt is in Arenales Avenue 1256 in the
District of Lince. Phone (51-1) 471-0117. Visits: Monday
to Saturday From 9 to 12 am. Sundays From 9 am to
1pm.There You Can See a Collection of Peruvian Flora and
Fauna Species and Minerals, Started by Italian
Investigator Antonio Raimondi. Interesting Dioramas.
MUSEUM OF ITALIAN ART: It is in Paseo de la
Republica Avenue, 2nd Block - Parque Neptune. Phone
(51-1) 423-9932. Visits: Monday to Friday From 9 am to
2:30 pm.Italian Works of Art From the Last and Present
Centuries. Temporary Expositions are Regularly Held.
CONVENTO DE LOS DESCALZOS MUSEUM: It is in
Alameda de Los Descalzos 202 in the District of Rimac.
Phone (51-1) 481-044 1. Visits: Thursday to Monday: 9:30
am to I pm. and 3 to 6 pm. Valuable Colonial Paintings
and Religious Objects.
CATHEDRAL MUSEUM OF RELIGIOUS ART: It is in the
Main Square. Phone (51-1) 427-5980. Visits: Monday to
Friday: 10 to 12:45 am. And 2 to 4:45 pm. Carvings,
Ornaments, Paintings, Furniture and Liturgical Objects
From the Colonial Period. MUSEUMS
IN THE MAIN QUARTERS OF THE SAN MARCOS MAJOR UNIVERSITY:
(It is in Parque Universitario)ARCHAEOLOGICAL
ANDETHNOLOGICALMUSEUM: Phone (51-1) 428-0052.
Visits: Monday to Saturday From 8 am to 2 pm.Exhibition
of the Chavin Collection as Well as the Latest
Archaeological Findings Made by the University. There is
Also a Collection of Interesting Pre-Columbian Musical
Instruments.
ART AND HISTORY MUSEUM: Phone (51-1) 427-4870.
Visits: Monday to Saturday from 9 am to 2 pm. Colonial
Paintings, Books, Furniture, Documents and Peruvian
Popular Art.
BULLFIGHTING MUSEUM: It is in Hualgayoc Street
332 in the District of Rimac - Plaza de Acho.Paintings,
Costumes,Dissected Bulls Heads and Pictures of the Most
Renowned Bullfighters.
MANSIONS
PALACIO DE TORRE TAGLE: (It is in Ucayali Street,
3rd Block)It is the Present Headquarters of the Peruvian
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This Mansion Dates Back to
the Early 18th Century. Its Main Particularity is the
Inspiration of the Sevillian, Mudejar and Criollo styles
in its Architecture. It has a Stone Portico and Two
Carved Balconies, Considered the Most Beautiful in Lima.
CASA DE PILATOS: (It is in Ancash Street
390)Present Headquarters of the National Cultural
Institute. Dating Back to the 16th Century, it Has Stone
Columns and a Monumental Stairway Facing the Front Door.
CASA ALIAGA: (It is in Jirón de la Union Street
224)When Lima Was Founded in (1535), by Francisco
Pizarro he Gave Conqueror Geronimo de Aliaga a Piece of
Land Owned by the CuracaTauliChusco (Main Authority in
the Rimac Valley) Which Served as a Worship Pre-Hispanic
Center. Upon This Land the Conqueror Built This Mansion
in Which his Descendants Have Lived Since Then. An
Unusual Case in America.
CASA DE LAS TRECE MONEDAS: (It is in Ancash
Street 536) Its Name Means The House of the Thirteen
Coins. This Single-Story Residence Dating Back to
Mid-18th Century Still Preserves its Original
Architectural Elements.
CASA DE LA RIVA: (It is in Ica Street, 426)An
18th Century Building. Now Headquarters of the "Entre
Nous" Cultural Association.
CASA DE OQUENDO OR PALACIO DE OSAMBELA: (It is in
Conde de Superunda Street 298)
Finished in 1807, This Mansion Has Five Balconies and a
Viewer From Which the First Owner of the Place, Don
Martin de Osambela Watched With a Spyglass the Arrival
of Galleons to the Port in Callao.
CASA DE LA RIVA AGUERO: (It is in Camana Street
459). From the Eighteen Century it is a Splendid Mansion
in Which the Riva Agüero Institute, and the Center For
Humanistic Studies of the Universidad, Have Their
Premises Today. It Also Houses the Popular Tradition and
Art Museum, With its Selected Exhibition of Popular
Peruvian Art Donated by Private Collectors, the Best of
Which are Its Masks and Religious Images.
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